I did an install without encryption and it booted just fine after an install as you would expect.
I tried to re-install with encryption doing the same thing, but inspected the automatically generated partitions. The /boot partition did not have a bootable flag and the EFI did. I tried to enable the bootable flag on the /boot partition, but could not do so until I disabled the boot flag on the EFI partition. Same end results.
I did the same thing, removing the EFI partition and replacing it with a bios partition marking it bootable. Same end results.
In all cases I installed GRUB to /dev/sda
Upon booting to grub in a different distro, using ls on the partitions returned scrambled information for everything, leaving me to wonder if perhaps the boot partition was encrypted despite the guided partitioning.
After duplicating what I did the first time, a simple, guided encrypted LUKS partition scheme with separate partitions for /tmp, var and home, I used a live distro to instpect the disks with lsblk and blkid.
blkid told me that /dev/sda1 was of type EXT2, and that /dev/sda5 was of type "crypto_luks". It did not see anything else.
lsblk had more information.
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
|-sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
|-sda5 8:5 0 238.2G 0 part
|-sda1 8:1 0 243M 0 part
There does not appear to be any mount point specified. I decided to try to mount it.
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sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 label_I_came_up_with
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lvscan
vgchange -ay
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mount /dev/label_I_came_up_with
mkdir /mnt/linux
mount -o bind /proc /mnt/linux/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/linux/dev/
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/linux/sys
chroot /mnt/linux /bin/bash
grub-install /dev/sda
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exim: could not open panic log - aborting: see message(s) above
Installing for i386-pc platform
Installation finished. No error reported.