In every case after the normal boot at least a console login prompt shows up but much faster than I can even do anything it vanishes and I always end up with a static cursor on the top left corner which stays forever. I tried the installation with a range of different settings (with and without proprietary repositories, root user login, sudo, auto-login, LXDE, LXQT, XFCE) already. I can not even switch to an other CLI from there using "CTLR"+"Alt"+"F1" (or any other function key) either.
I can use the rescue mode from the GRUB menu to login as root (if I allow this option during installation). If I browse through the installation folders everything seems to be fine but the GUI still won't start.

I guess the problem shouldn't be the missing NVidiA GeForce 8200M G display driver since I tried to enable proprietary repositories also. Maybe I am wrong here and this isn't enough since I might need to provide a driver for it also. But shouldn't at least basic SVGA work out of the box anyway?
Could it be that I need to use a 32 bit installation instead of the 64 bit?
Do you have any suggestions?