I am running a similar MSI GP63 8RD laptop, and the advice about the Nvidia drivers is sadly dead wrong, as usual, for an Optimus laptop like these. It's always going to be starting with the Intel GPU. That Intel Coffee Lake 630 GPU requires nonfree firmware in Debian from the firmware-misc-nonfree package. Much of the other hardware will also require nonfree firmware.
zlow, if I'm not mistaken, you didn't have the GF63 working at all in Debian Stretch--is this correct? Or did you need backports there?
When I install MX Linux on my GP63, I also need to go into the UEFI setup and add the MX efi file to the boot file options--I think, it's been a while. I do have to go into the setup and add a Live USB every time I want to try one of those on it, otherwise it won't see it.
Maybe you could try one of the MX ISOs as a live Session to see if you can get a GUI with those. Any of the MX 19.X releases should work.
In MX:
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System: Host: <filter> Kernel: 5.6.0-2-amd64 x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 8.3.0
parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.6.0-2-amd64
root=UUID=<filter> ro quiet splash intel_pstate=enable
nopti init=/lib/systemd/systemd
Desktop: Xfce 4.14.2 tk: Gtk 3.24.5 info: xfce4-panel wm: xfwm4 dm: LightDM 1.26.0
Distro: MX-19.2_ahs_x64 patito feo May 31 2020 base: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Machine: Type: Laptop System: Micro-Star product: GP63 Leopard 8RD v: REV:1.0 serial: <filter>
Chassis: type: 10 serial: <filter>
Mobo: Micro-Star model: MS-16P6 v: REV:1.0 serial: <filter> UEFI: American Megatrends
v: E16P6IMS.107 date: 09/05/2018
Battery: ID-1: BAT1 charge: 36.6 Wh condition: 36.6/53.4 Wh (69%) volts: 12.0/10.9
model: MSI Corp. MS-16P6 type: Li-ion serial: N/A status: Full
Device-1: hidpp_battery_6 model: Logitech Wireless Mouse M525 serial: <filter>
charge: 100% (should be ignored) rechargeable: yes status: Discharging
CPU: Topology: 6-Core model: Intel Core i7-8750H bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Kaby Lake
family: 6 model-id: 9E (158) stepping: A (10) microcode: D6 L2 cache: 9216 KiB
flags: avx avx2 lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx bogomips: 52799
Speed: 2753 MHz min/max: 800/4100 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 2753 2: 2366 3: 2651
4: 2517 5: 1801 6: 2564 7: 2916 8: 2155 9: 3032 10: 3097 11: 3582 12: 2186
Vulnerabilities: Type: itlb_multihit status: KVM: Split huge pages
Type: l1tf mitigation: PTE Inversion; VMX: conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Type: mds mitigation: Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Type: meltdown status: Vulnerable
Type: spec_store_bypass
mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Type: spectre_v1 mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Type: spectre_v2 mitigation: Full generic retpoline, IBPB: conditional, IBRS_FW,
STIBP: conditional, RSB filling
Type: srbds mitigation: Microcode
Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected
Graphics: Device-1: Intel UHD Graphics 630 vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: i915 v: kernel
bus ID: 00:02.0 chip ID: 8086:3e9b
Device-2: NVIDIA GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] driver: N/A bus ID: 01:00.0
chip ID: 10de:1c8c
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.4 driver: intel compositor: compton
v: 0.1~beta2+20150922 resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel UHD Graphics 630 (CFL GT2) v: 4.6 Mesa 20.1.5
compat-v: 3.0 direct render: Yes
Audio: Device-1: Intel Cannon Lake PCH cAVS vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: snd_hda_intel
v: kernel bus ID: 00:1f.3 chip ID: 8086:a348
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.6.0-2-amd64
Network: Device-1: Intel Wireless-AC 9560 [Jefferson Peak] driver: iwlwifi v: kernel
port: 5000 bus ID: 00:14.3 chip ID: 8086:a370
IF: wlan0 state: up mac: <filter>
Device-2: Qualcomm Atheros Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Micro-Star MSI
driver: alx v: kernel port: 3000 bus ID: 02:00.0 chip ID: 1969:e0a1
IF: eth0 state: down mac: <filter>
Drives: Local Storage: total: 1.14 TiB used: 560.43 GiB (47.9%)
ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Micron model: 1100 MTFDDAV256TBN size: 238.47 GiB block size:
physical: 512 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s serial: <filter> rev: A020 scheme: GPT
ID-2: /dev/sdb vendor: HGST (Hitachi) model: HTS721010A9E630 size: 931.51 GiB
block size: physical: 4096 B logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s rotation: 7200 rpm
serial: <filter> rev: A3U0 scheme: GPT
Partition: ID-1: / raw size: 132.00 GiB size: 128.93 GiB (97.67%) used: 45.82 GiB (35.5%)
fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda5
ID-2: /home raw size: 846.64 GiB size: 832.35 GiB (98.31%) used: 468.61 GiB (56.3%)
fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sdb1
ID-3: swap-1 size: 8.21 GiB used: 168.6 MiB (2.0%) fs: swap
swappiness: 15 (default 60) cache pressure: 100 (default) dev: /dev/sdb3
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 63.0 C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Repos: No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stable-updates.list
1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list
1: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
2: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
1: deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-earth-pro.list
1: deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/local-apt-repository.list
1: deb [trusted=yes] file:///var/lib/local-apt-repository/ ./
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mx.list
1: deb http://la.mxrepo.com/mx/repo/ buster main non-free
2: deb http://la.mxrepo.com/mx/repo/ buster ahs
Active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
1: deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free
No active apt repos in: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/various.list
Info: Processes: 366 Uptime: 7d 2h 01m Memory: 15.55 GiB used: 4.51 GiB (29.0%)
Init: systemd v: 241 runlevel: 5 default: 5 Compilers: gcc: 8.3.0 alt: 8
Shell: quick-system-in running in: quick-system-in inxi: 3.0.36