I have not really had much experience with the LVM part, though either.
If any body here on the forum does, there might be some "tips" they can
give.
Usually (without the LVM) it is pretty simple, just install grub to the boot partition,
as long as the "live medium" has the option to install grub, and only install grub,
not re-installing the entire OS, which would overwrite the previous. (hope this make sense),..Since I have not yet tried the Debian 9 live , I am not sure on that.
The Live disk I use is one I made for Debian Squeeze some time ago, it does have a option to just install grub, and allows me to decide where to install grub to, then
it will also run 'update-grub' and it is done.
When I saw the tutorial at "justlinux", in my previous post, and read about grub not being able to see the system within the LVM:
Linux boot loaders Grub and Lilo cannot read a LVM and so every distro using a LVM must has a separate /boot partition
When I saw that it occurred to me this may be why, in spite of the OP having tried many things :
I've tried a bunch of different things and right now ---snip-- most of the stuff I read doesn't seem to be about systems that are on Logical Volumes
It occurs to me, probably this is why the other things they have tried are not working,...
It is hard to say though with out knowing exactly what they have tried, specificly.
----- there is some more I want to say, but later---