I want to learn command line of Linux.
How to use terminal of Linux?
$ help
HELP(1) General Commands Manual HELP(1)
NAME
help - help for new users and administrators
DESCRIPTION
This document is meant to familiarize new users and system administrators
with OpenBSD and, if necessary, UNIX in general.
/tmp/man.GP1Z2VmM6X (6%)...skipping...
HELP(1) General Commands Manual HELP(1)
NAME
help - help for new users and administrators
DESCRIPTION
This document is meant to familiarize new users and system administrators
with OpenBSD and, if necessary, UNIX in general.
Firstly, a wealth of information is contained within the system manual
pages. In UNIX, the man(1) command is used to view them. Type man man
for instructions on how to use it properly. Pay especially close
attention to the -k option.
Other OpenBSD references include the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
located at
https://www.openbsd.org/faq/,
which is mostly intended for administrators and assumes the reader
possesses a working knowledge of UNIX. There are also mailing lists in
place where questions are fielded by OpenBSD developers and other users;
see
https://www.openbsd.org/mail.html.
System administrators should have already read the afterboot(8) man page
which explains a variety of tasks that are typically performed after the
first system boot. When configuring any aspect of the system, first
consider any possible security implications your changes may have.
The Unix shell
After logging in, some system messages are typically displayed, and then
the user is able to enter commands to be processed by the shell program.
The shell is a command-line interpreter that reads user input (normally
from a terminal) and executes commands. There are many different shells
available; OpenBSD ships with csh(1), ksh(1), and sh(1). Each user's
shell is indicated by the last field of their corresponding entry in the
system password file (/etc/passwd).
Basic Unix commands
man Interface to the system manual pages. For any of the commands
listed below, type man command for detailed information on what
it does and how to use it.
pwd Print working directory. Files are organized in a hierarchy
(see hier(7)) called a tree. This command will indicate in
which directory you are currently located.
cd Change working directory. Use this command to navigate
throughout the file hierarchy. For example, type cd / to
change the working directory to the root.
ls List directory contents. Type ls -l for a detailed listing.
cat Although it has many more uses, cat filename will print the
contents of a plain-text file to the screen.
vi Edit text files. For example, vi filename. See also mg(1).
mkdir Make a directory. For example, mkdir dirname.
rmdir Remove a directory.
rm Remove files. Files are generally only removable by their
owners. See the chmod(1) command for information on file
permissions.
chmod Change file modes, including permissions. It is not
immediately obvious how to use this command; please read its
manual page carefully, as proper file permissions, especially
on system files, are vital in maintaining security and
integrity.
cp Copy files.
mv Move and rename files.
ps List active processes. Most UNIX-based operating systems,
including OpenBSD, are multitasking, meaning many programs
share system resources at the same time. A common usage is ps
-auxw, which will display information about all active
processes.
kill Kill processes. Used mostly for terminating run-
away/unresponsive programs, but also used to signal programs
for requesting certain operations (e.g., re-read their
configuration).
date Print the current system date and time.
mail Access mailbox.
exit Log out of the system.
When a command is entered, it is first checked to see if it is built-in
to the shell. If not, the shell looks for the command in any directories
contained within the PATH environment variable (see environ(7)). If the
command is not found, an error message is printed. Otherwise, the shell
runs the command, passing it any arguments specified on the command line.
Shell built-in commands do not have their own manual page, so it's
necessary to read the manual page for the user's shell. Tools such as
which(1) and "whence", a ksh(1) built-in command, can be used to see what
commands are being executed.
SEE ALSO
csh(1), ksh(1), man(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), which(1), afterboot(8)
HISTORY
This manual page was written by Aaron Campbell <aaron@openbsd.org> and
first appeared in OpenBSD 2.6.
OpenBSD 6.2 July 13, 2017
ls List directory contents. Type ls -l for a detailed listing.
man ls
LS(1) General Commands Manual LS(1)
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [-1AaCcdFfgHhikLlmnopqRrSsTtux] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
For each operand that names a file of a type other than directory, ls
displays its name as well as any requested, associated information. For
each named directory, ls displays the names of files contained within
that directory, as well as any requested, associated information.
If no operands are given, the contents of the current directory are
displayed. If more than one operand is given, non-directory operands are
displayed first; directory and non-directory operands are sorted
separately and in lexicographical order. By default, ls lists one entry
per line to standard output; the exceptions are to terminals or when the
-C, -m, or -x options are specified.
The options are as follows:
-1 (The numeric digit "one".) Force output to be one entry per line.
This is the default when output is not to a terminal.----- snip ---
$ whoareyou
I am your pc
OpenBSD garry.garry.org 6.2 GENERIC.MP#1 amd64
Anything else ?
GarryRicketson wrote:Type "help" at the prompt
empty@hegel:~ $ help
ksh: help: not found
127|empty@hegel:~ $
man 1 intro
Head_on_a_Stick wrote:GarryRicketson wrote:Type "help" at the prompt
That doesn't work in Debian:
- Code: Select all
empty@hegel:~ $ help
ksh: help: not found
127|empty@hegel:~ $
arto@samsung:~$ uname -a
Linux samsung 4.9.0-4-686 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.65-3+deb9u1 (2017-12-23) i686 GNU/Linux
arto@samsung:~$ help
GNU bash, versio 4.4.12(1)-release (i686-pc-linux-gnu)
Nämä komennot on määritelty sisäisesti. Kirjoita ”help” nähdäksesi tämän listan.
Kirjoita ”help name” saadaksesi lisätietoja funktiosta ”name”.
Komennolla ”info bash” saat lisää yleisiä tietoja komentotulkista.
Käytä komentoa ”man -k” tai ”info” saadaksesi lisätietoja komennoista, jotka eivät ole tällä listalla.
Asteriski (*) nimen vieressä tarkoittaa, että komennon käyttö on estetty.
työtunniste [&] history [-c] [-d erotus] [n] tai his>
(( lauseke )) if KOMENNOT; then KOMENNOT; [ elif K>
. tiedosto [argumentit] jobs [-lnprs] [työtunniste ...] tai >
: kill [-s signaalitunniste | -n signa>
[ arg... ] let arg [arg ...]
[[ lauseke ]] local [valitsin] nimi[=arvo] ...
alias [-p] [nimi[=arvo] ... ] lopetus [n]
bg [työtunniste ...] mapfile [-d delim] [-n count] [-O or>
bind [-lpsvPSVX] [-m keymap] [-f file> popd [-n] [+N | -N]
break [n] printf [-v muuttuja] muoto [argument>
builtin [sisäänrakennettu komento [ar> pushd [-n] [+N | -N | hakemisto]
caller [expr] pwd [-LP]
....
arzgi wrote:I don't know what is different
empty@hegel:~ $ echo $SHELL
/bin/mksh
empty@hegel:~ $
how to use text editors
man nano
How do I use the nano editor ?
GarryRicketson wrote:Yes it would be another topic, but before you ask you should read these first:
Please Read.. What we expect you have already Done.
==== and:
Forum guidelines. Please read before first post!
====
With that said, for example, the question you asked here, "How to use terminal of Linux?"
How to use terminal of Linux?
This could have been answered by doing a search, and reading some of the many results.
=== Please don't be a"help vampire"
Try using a search engine, and some logic, for example this question,
" how to install programs", to start with, that won't work well, be specific
"how to install programs on Debian" (if you are using Debian)
Usually on Linux distros, we call them "packages" and you need to include the distro, just asking "How do I install programs on Linux" all though that will get quite a few results, each Linux distro has different methods of installing packages (programs )
Example: How do I install programs on Linux
To get better more specific results, use the distro name:
" How do I install programs on Debian ?"
Try it , and you will see there is plenty of documentation for Debian.how to use text editors
The same, you can do some searches on that yourself, if there is some valid reason you can not do any kind of searches, you should tell us, right at the start, but just because you don't feel like it, is not a valid reason, it is possible since you are new, you might not know how, but now you do know.
There are many different text editors, for Linux, and each one has it's own manual, which you should read before asking on a forum, "How do I use a text editor ? ",...Example: If you use "nano", and have it installed ,At the command line prompt simply type :
- Code: Select all
man nano
Replace "nano" with the name of the editor, IE: "man leafpad", "man vi",etc.
Or paste into your favourite search engine:
- Code: Select all
How do I use the nano editor ?
So that ends this lesson.
====
There is no real reason any one should have to write long or even short tutorials, just for you, when there are all ready 100s available online, if you just learn how to use a search engine.
What are the current results?
How to use the nano editor
$ pwd
/home/garry
$ cp wget.txt wget-org.txt
nano wget.txt
kevinthefixer » So what I'm saying is that you don't need to be a computer science major to use Linux as a daily driver anymore.
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