I started with a standard system (no X) that I installed using CD #1; however, I recommend using a netinst CD instead.
First, some preparatory steps:
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# apt update
# apt upgrade
# apt install aptitude gpm
# aptitude update
And now we begin the conversion.
Install sysvinit-core:
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# aptitude install sysvinit-core
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Initializing package states...
Writing extended state information...
Building tag database...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
initscripts{a} insserv{a} psmisc{a} startpar{a} sysv-rc{a} sysvinit-core{b}
0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 524 kB of archives. After unpacking 1,476 kB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
systemd-sysv : Conflicts: sysvinit-core but 2.93-8 is to be installed
sysvinit-core : Conflicts: systemd-sysv but 241-7~deb10u4 is installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) libpam-systemd [241-7~deb10u4 (now, stable)]
2) systemd-sysv [241-7~deb10u4 (now, stable)]
Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
3) systemd recommends libpam-systemd
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
initscripts{a} insserv{a} psmisc{a} startpar{a} sysv-rc{a} sysvinit-core
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libpam-systemd{a} systemd-sysv{a}
0 packages upgraded, 6 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 524 kB of archives. After unpacking 942 kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Note: After installing sysvinit-core, the system will become rather slow, and you will likely see some error messages. That's expected and (fortunately) temporary.
Reboot:
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# reboot
Recommended: To speed things up a bit, use the GRUB menu to enter recovery mode after rebooting. By doing this you will avoid most of the severe system slowness that you would otherwise encounter.
Install elogind:
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# aptitude install elogind
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Reading extended state information...
Initializing package states...
Writing extended state information...
Building tag database...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
elogind{b} libelogind0{a} libglib2.0-0{a} libglib2.0-data{a} libpam-systemd{a} libpolkit-agent-1-0{a} libpolkit-backend-1-0{a} libpolkit-gobject-1-0{a} policykit-1{a} shared-mime-info{a} systemd-sysv{ab} xdg-user-dirs{a}
0 packages upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,478 kB of archives. After unpacking 21.4 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
elogind : Conflicts: systemd but 241-7~deb10u4 is installed
systemd-sysv : Conflicts: sysvinit-core but 2.93-8 is installed
sysvinit-core : Conflicts: systemd-sysv but 241-7~deb10u4 is to be installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) libnss-systemd [241-7~deb10u4 (now, stable)]
2) systemd [241-7~deb10u4 (now, stable)]
Keep the following packages at their current version:
3) libpam-systemd [Not Installed]
4) policykit-1 [Not Installed]
5) systemd-sysv [Not Installed]
Leave the following dependencies unresolved:
6) elogind recommends policykit-1
7) systemd-sysv recommends libnss-systemd
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
elogind libelogind0{a}
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libnss-systemd{a} systemd{a}
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
policykit-1
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 798 kB of archives. After unpacking 11.8 MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Reboot:
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# reboot
Now we will install a fairly minimal Xfce desktop environment:
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# aptitude install task-xfce-desktop xfce4-goodies menu wicd-gtk xserver-xorg-video-intel -R 2>&1 | tee Xfce-desktop-installation-log.txt
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Reading extended state information...
Initializing package states...
Writing extended state information...
Building tag database...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
adwaita-icon-theme{a} cpp{a} cpp-8{a} dbus-user-session{a} dconf-gsettings-backend{a} dconf-service{a} desktop-base{a} desktop-file-utils{a} exo-utils{a} fontconfig{a} fontconfig-config{a} fonts-dejavu-core{a} fonts-quicksand{a} glib-networking{a} glib-networking-common{a} glib-networking-services{a} gsettings-desktop-schemas{a} gtk-update-icon-cache{a} gtk2-engines-xfce{a} hicolor-icon-theme{a} libasyncns0{a} libatk-bridge2.0-0{a} libatk1.0-0{a} libatk1.0-data{a} libatspi2.0-0{a} libavahi-client3{a} libavahi-common-data{a} libavahi-common3{a} libblas3{a} libburn4{a} libcairo-gobject2{a} libcairo2{a} libcolord2{a} libcroco3{a} libcups2{a} libdatrie1{a} libdbus-glib-1-2{a} libdconf1{a} libdrm-amdgpu1{a} libdrm-common{a} libdrm-intel1{a} libdrm-nouveau2{a} libdrm-radeon1{a} libdrm2{a} libegl-mesa0{a} libegl1{a} libegl1-mesa{a} libepoxy0{a} libevdev2{a} libexif12{a} libexo-1-0{a} libexo-2-0{a} libexo-common{a} libexo-helpers{a} libflac8{a} libfontconfig1{a} libfontenc1{a} libfribidi0{a} libgarcon-1-0{a} libgarcon-common{a} libgbm1{a} libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0{a} libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common{a} libgfortran5{a} libgl1{a} libgl1-mesa-dri{a} libglade2-0{a} libglapi-mesa{a} libglib2.0-0{a} libglu1-mesa{a} libglvnd0{a} libglx-mesa0{a} libglx0{a} libgraphite2-3{a} libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0{a} libgstreamer1.0-0{a} libgtk-3-0{a} libgtk-3-common{a} libgtk2.0-0{a} libgtk2.0-common{a} libgtksourceview-3.0-1{a} libgtksourceview-3.0-common{a} libgudev-1.0-0{a} libharfbuzz0b{a} libice6{a} libindicator3-7{a} libinput-bin{a} libinput10{a} libisl19{a} libisofs6{a} libiw30{a} libjbig0{a} libjpeg62-turbo{a} libjson-glib-1.0-0{a} libjson-glib-1.0-common{a} libjte1{a} libkeybinder-3.0-0{a} liblapack3{a} liblcms2-2{a} liblightdm-gobject-1-0{a} libllvm7{a} libmpc3{a} libmpfr6{a} libmtdev1{a} libnl-3-200{a} libnl-genl-3-200{a} libnl-route-3-200{a} libnotify4{a} libogg0{a} liborc-0.4-0{a} libpam-systemd{a} libpango-1.0-0{a} libpangocairo-1.0-0{a} libpangoft2-1.0-0{a} libpciaccess0{a} libpcsclite1{a} libpixman-1-0{a} libpolkit-gobject-1-0{a} libproxy1v5{a} libpulse-mainloop-glib0{a} libpulse0{a} libqrencode4{a} libquadmath0{a} librest-0.7-0{a} librsvg2-2{a} librsvg2-common{a} libsensors-config{a} libsensors5{a} libsm6{a} libsndfile1{a} libsoup-gnome2.4-1{a} libsoup2.4-1{a} libstartup-notification0{a} libtag1v5{a} libtag1v5-vanilla{a} libtagc0{a} libthai-data{a} libthai0{a} libthunarx-3-0{a} libtiff5{a} libunique-1.0-0{a} libunwind8{a} libupower-glib3{a} libutempter0{a} libvorbis0a{a} libvorbisenc2{a} libvte-2.91-0{a} libvte-2.91-common{a} libwacom-common{a} libwacom2{a} libwayland-client0{a} libwayland-cursor0{a} libwayland-egl1{a} libwayland-server0{a} libwebp6{a} libwnck-3-0{a} libwnck-3-common{a} libwnck-common{a} libwnck22{a} libwrap0{a} libx11-xcb1{a} libxatracker2{a} libxaw7{a} libxcb-dri2-0{a} libxcb-dri3-0{a} libxcb-glx0{a} libxcb-present0{a} libxcb-render0{a} libxcb-shape0{a} libxcb-shm0{a} libxcb-sync1{a} libxcb-util0{a} libxcb-xfixes0{a} libxcomposite1{a} libxcursor1{a} libxdamage1{a} libxfce4panel-2.0-4{a} libxfce4ui-1-0{a} libxfce4ui-2-0{a} libxfce4ui-common{a} libxfce4ui-utils{a} libxfce4util-common{a} libxfce4util7{a} libxfconf-0-2{a} libxfixes3{a} libxfont2{a} libxft2{a} libxi6{a} libxinerama1{a} libxkbcommon0{a} libxkbfile1{a} libxklavier16{a} libxmu6{a} libxnvctrl0{a} libxpm4{a} libxrandr2{a} libxrender1{a} libxres1{a} libxshmfence1{a} libxss1{a} libxt6{a} libxtst6{a} libxv1{a} libxvmc1{a} libxxf86dga1{a} libxxf86vm1{a} light-locker{a} lightdm{a} lightdm-gtk-greeter{a} menu mousepad{a} net-tools{a} python-cairo{a} python-dbus{a} python-glade2{a} python-gobject-2{a} python-gtk2{a} python-numpy{a} python-pkg-resources{a} python-wicd{a} ristretto{a} shared-mime-info{a} systemd{a} systemd-sysv{ab} task-desktop{a} task-xfce-desktop thunar{a} thunar-archive-plugin{a} thunar-data{a} thunar-media-tags-plugin{a} wicd-daemon{a} wicd-gtk wireless-tools{a} wpasupplicant{a} x11-apps{a} x11-common{a} x11-session-utils{a} x11-utils{a} x11-xkb-utils{a} x11-xserver-utils{a} xbitmaps{a} xfburn{a} xfce4{a} xfce4-appfinder{a} xfce4-battery-plugin{a} xfce4-clipman{a} xfce4-clipman-plugin{a} xfce4-cpufreq-plugin{a} xfce4-cpugraph-plugin{a} xfce4-datetime-plugin{a} xfce4-dict{a} xfce4-diskperf-plugin{a} xfce4-fsguard-plugin{a} xfce4-genmon-plugin{a} xfce4-goodies xfce4-mailwatch-plugin{a} xfce4-netload-plugin{a} xfce4-notes{a} xfce4-notes-plugin{a} xfce4-notifyd{a} xfce4-panel{a} xfce4-places-plugin{a} xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin{a} xfce4-screenshooter{a} xfce4-sensors-plugin{a} xfce4-session{a} xfce4-settings{a} xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin{a} xfce4-systemload-plugin{a} xfce4-taskmanager{a} xfce4-terminal{a} xfce4-timer-plugin{a} xfce4-verve-plugin{a} xfce4-wavelan-plugin{a} xfce4-weather-plugin{a} xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin{a} xfce4-xkb-plugin{a} xfconf{a} xfdesktop4{a} xfdesktop4-data{a} xfonts-100dpi{a} xfonts-75dpi{a} xfonts-base{a} xfonts-encodings{a} xfonts-scalable{a} xfonts-utils{a} xfwm4{a} xinit{a} xorg{a} xorg-docs-core{a} xserver-common{a} xserver-xorg{a} xserver-xorg-core{a} xserver-xorg-input-all{a} xserver-xorg-input-libinput{a} xserver-xorg-video-all{a} xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu{a} xserver-xorg-video-ati{a} xserver-xorg-video-fbdev{a} xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau{a} xserver-xorg-video-radeon{a} xserver-xorg-video-vesa{a} xserver-xorg-video-vmware{a} xterm{a}
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
alsa-utils anacron ark aspell at-spi2-core atril avahi-daemon dbus-x11 engrampa file-roller firefox-esr gnome-flashback gnome-shell gnome-themes-extra gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gvfs hddtemp hunspell-en-us hyphen-en-us ispell iw libgail-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libgtk-3-bin libgtk2.0-bin libnotify-bin libnss-mdns libnss-systemd libreoffice libreoffice-gtk2 libreoffice-help-en-us libu2f-udev libwacom-bin libxfce4util-bin lm-sensors lxpolkit lxqt-policykit mate-polkit mythes-en-us network-manager-gnome orca parole pavucontrol plymouth-label policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome polkit-kde-agent-1 pulseaudio python-gi python-notify quodlibet rfkill sudo sudo-ldap synaptic system-config-printer systemd-cron tango-icon-theme thunar-volman tumbler udisks2 upower xarchiver xdg-user-dirs xdg-utils xfce4-power-manager xsane xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-qxl
0 packages upgraded, 305 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 139 MB of archives. After unpacking 580 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
elogind : Conflicts: systemd but 241-7~deb10u4 is to be installed
systemd-sysv : Conflicts: sysvinit-core but 2.93-8 is installed
sysvinit-core : Conflicts: systemd-sysv but 241-7~deb10u4 is to be installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Install the following packages:
1) dbus-x11 [1.12.16-1 (stable)]
2) libpam-elogind [239.3+20190131-1+debian1 (stable)]
Keep the following packages at their current version:
3) dbus-user-session [Not Installed]
4) libpam-systemd [Not Installed]
5) systemd [Not Installed]
6) systemd-sysv [Not Installed]
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
adwaita-icon-theme{a} cpp{a} cpp-8{a} dbus-x11{a} dconf-gsettings-backend{a} dconf-service{a} desktop-base{a} desktop-file-utils{a} exo-utils{a} fontconfig{a} fontconfig-config{a} fonts-dejavu-core{a} fonts-quicksand{a} glib-networking{a} glib-networking-common{a} glib-networking-services{a} gsettings-desktop-schemas{a} gtk-update-icon-cache{a} gtk2-engines-xfce{a} hicolor-icon-theme{a} libasyncns0{a} libatk-bridge2.0-0{a} libatk1.0-0{a} libatk1.0-data{a} libatspi2.0-0{a} libavahi-client3{a} libavahi-common-data{a} libavahi-common3{a} libblas3{a} libburn4{a} libcairo-gobject2{a} libcairo2{a} libcolord2{a} libcroco3{a} libcups2{a} libdatrie1{a} libdbus-glib-1-2{a} libdconf1{a} libdrm-amdgpu1{a} libdrm-common{a} libdrm-intel1{a} libdrm-nouveau2{a} libdrm-radeon1{a} libdrm2{a} libegl-mesa0{a} libegl1{a} libegl1-mesa{a} libepoxy0{a} libevdev2{a} libexif12{a} libexo-1-0{a} libexo-2-0{a} libexo-common{a} libexo-helpers{a} libflac8{a} libfontconfig1{a} libfontenc1{a} libfribidi0{a} libgarcon-1-0{a} libgarcon-common{a} libgbm1{a} libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0{a} libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common{a} libgfortran5{a} libgl1{a} libgl1-mesa-dri{a} libglade2-0{a} libglapi-mesa{a} libglib2.0-0{a} libglu1-mesa{a} libglvnd0{a} libglx-mesa0{a} libglx0{a} libgraphite2-3{a} libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0{a} libgstreamer1.0-0{a} libgtk-3-0{a} libgtk-3-common{a} libgtk2.0-0{a} libgtk2.0-common{a} libgtksourceview-3.0-1{a} libgtksourceview-3.0-common{a} libgudev-1.0-0{a} libharfbuzz0b{a} libice6{a} libindicator3-7{a} libinput-bin{a} libinput10{a} libisl19{a} libisofs6{a} libiw30{a} libjbig0{a} libjpeg62-turbo{a} libjson-glib-1.0-0{a} libjson-glib-1.0-common{a} libjte1{a} libkeybinder-3.0-0{a} liblapack3{a} liblcms2-2{a} liblightdm-gobject-1-0{a} libllvm7{a} libmpc3{a} libmpfr6{a} libmtdev1{a} libnl-3-200{a} libnl-genl-3-200{a} libnl-route-3-200{a} libnotify4{a} libogg0{a} liborc-0.4-0{a} libpam-elogind{a} libpango-1.0-0{a} libpangocairo-1.0-0{a} libpangoft2-1.0-0{a} libpciaccess0{a} libpcsclite1{a} libpixman-1-0{a} libpolkit-gobject-1-0{a} libproxy1v5{a} libpulse-mainloop-glib0{a} libpulse0{a} libqrencode4{a} libquadmath0{a} librest-0.7-0{a} librsvg2-2{a} librsvg2-common{a} libsensors-config{a} libsensors5{a} libsm6{a} libsndfile1{a} libsoup-gnome2.4-1{a} libsoup2.4-1{a} libstartup-notification0{a} libtag1v5{a} libtag1v5-vanilla{a} libtagc0{a} libthai-data{a} libthai0{a} libthunarx-3-0{a} libtiff5{a} libunique-1.0-0{a} libunwind8{a} libupower-glib3{a} libutempter0{a} libvorbis0a{a} libvorbisenc2{a} libvte-2.91-0{a} libvte-2.91-common{a} libwacom-common{a} libwacom2{a} libwayland-client0{a} libwayland-cursor0{a} libwayland-egl1{a} libwayland-server0{a} libwebp6{a} libwnck-3-0{a} libwnck-3-common{a} libwnck-common{a} libwnck22{a} libwrap0{a} libx11-xcb1{a} libxatracker2{a} libxaw7{a} libxcb-dri2-0{a} libxcb-dri3-0{a} libxcb-glx0{a} libxcb-present0{a} libxcb-render0{a} libxcb-shape0{a} libxcb-shm0{a} libxcb-sync1{a} libxcb-util0{a} libxcb-xfixes0{a} libxcomposite1{a} libxcursor1{a} libxdamage1{a} libxfce4panel-2.0-4{a} libxfce4ui-1-0{a} libxfce4ui-2-0{a} libxfce4ui-common{a} libxfce4ui-utils{a} libxfce4util-common{a} libxfce4util7{a} libxfconf-0-2{a} libxfixes3{a} libxfont2{a} libxft2{a} libxi6{a} libxinerama1{a} libxkbcommon0{a} libxkbfile1{a} libxklavier16{a} libxmu6{a} libxnvctrl0{a} libxpm4{a} libxrandr2{a} libxrender1{a} libxres1{a} libxshmfence1{a} libxss1{a} libxt6{a} libxtst6{a} libxv1{a} libxvmc1{a} libxxf86dga1{a} libxxf86vm1{a} light-locker{a} lightdm{a} lightdm-gtk-greeter{a} menu mousepad{a} net-tools{a} python-cairo{a} python-dbus{a} python-glade2{a} python-gobject-2{a} python-gtk2{a} python-numpy{a} python-pkg-resources{a} python-wicd{a} ristretto{a} shared-mime-info{a} task-desktop{a} task-xfce-desktop thunar{a} thunar-archive-plugin{a} thunar-data{a} thunar-media-tags-plugin{a} wicd-daemon{a} wicd-gtk wireless-tools{a} wpasupplicant{a} x11-apps{a} x11-common{a} x11-session-utils{a} x11-utils{a} x11-xkb-utils{a} x11-xserver-utils{a} xbitmaps{a} xfburn{a} xfce4{a} xfce4-appfinder{a} xfce4-battery-plugin{a} xfce4-clipman{a} xfce4-clipman-plugin{a} xfce4-cpufreq-plugin{a} xfce4-cpugraph-plugin{a} xfce4-datetime-plugin{a} xfce4-dict{a} xfce4-diskperf-plugin{a} xfce4-fsguard-plugin{a} xfce4-genmon-plugin{a} xfce4-goodies xfce4-mailwatch-plugin{a} xfce4-netload-plugin{a} xfce4-notes{a} xfce4-notes-plugin{a} xfce4-notifyd{a} xfce4-panel{a} xfce4-places-plugin{a} xfce4-pulseaudio-plugin{a} xfce4-screenshooter{a} xfce4-sensors-plugin{a} xfce4-session{a} xfce4-settings{a} xfce4-smartbookmark-plugin{a} xfce4-systemload-plugin{a} xfce4-taskmanager{a} xfce4-terminal{a} xfce4-timer-plugin{a} xfce4-verve-plugin{a} xfce4-wavelan-plugin{a} xfce4-weather-plugin{a} xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin{a} xfce4-xkb-plugin{a} xfconf{a} xfdesktop4{a} xfdesktop4-data{a} xfonts-100dpi{a} xfonts-75dpi{a} xfonts-base{a} xfonts-encodings{a} xfonts-scalable{a} xfonts-utils{a} xfwm4{a} xinit{a} xorg{a} xorg-docs-core{a} xserver-common{a} xserver-xorg{a} xserver-xorg-core{a} xserver-xorg-input-all{a} xserver-xorg-input-libinput{a} xserver-xorg-video-all{a} xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu{a} xserver-xorg-video-ati{a} xserver-xorg-video-fbdev{a} xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau{a} xserver-xorg-video-radeon{a} xserver-xorg-video-vesa{a} xserver-xorg-video-vmware{a} xterm{a}
The following packages are RECOMMENDED but will NOT be installed:
alsa-utils anacron ark aspell at-spi2-core atril avahi-daemon engrampa file-roller firefox-esr gnome-flashback gnome-shell gnome-themes-extra gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gvfs hddtemp hunspell-en-us hyphen-en-us ispell iw libgail-common libgdk-pixbuf2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libgtk-3-bin libgtk2.0-bin libnotify-bin libnss-mdns libpam-systemd libreoffice libreoffice-gtk2 libreoffice-help-en-us libu2f-udev libwacom-bin libxfce4util-bin lm-sensors lxpolkit lxqt-policykit mate-polkit mythes-en-us network-manager-gnome orca parole pavucontrol plymouth-label policykit-1 policykit-1-gnome polkit-kde-agent-1 pulseaudio python-gi python-notify quodlibet rfkill sudo sudo-ldap synaptic system-config-printer systemd-cron systemd-sysv tango-icon-theme thunar-volman tumbler udisks2 upower xarchiver xdg-user-dirs xdg-utils xfce4-power-manager xsane xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-legacy xserver-xorg-video-qxl
0 packages upgraded, 303 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 136 MB of archives. After unpacking 566 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
Reboot:
- Code: Select all
# reboot
Some software, like gvfs, policykit-1, and udisks2 (as well as many others), cannot be installed due to dependencies on systemd. This creates problems for us, some of which we can work around.
To reboot, use the command line:
- Code: Select all
# reboot
To shut down, use the command line:
- Code: Select all
# shutdown -h now
For easy mounting and unmounting of removable media, we need to install some additional software:
- Code: Select all
# aptitude install pmount spacefm udevil -R
For more information on udevil, see:
https://ignorantguru.github.io/udevil/
For fixed disks, I've found this software to be very useful:
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# aptitude install disk-manager -R
Tip: Open the file Xfce-desktop-installation-log.txt and examine the list of recommended packages that were NOT installed. You may want (or need) to install some of those packages.
Optional: To prevent systemd-sysv from being inadvertently reinstalled, create a file called keep-sysvinit.
Path: /etc/apt/preferences.d/keep-sysvinit
Contents:
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Package: systemd-sysv
Pin: release o=Debian
Pin-Priority: -1
By the way, I also performed test installations of GNOME, KDE, LXDE, LXQT, and MATE. Due to systemd dependencies, none of those desktop environments could be installed. However, I may have discovered a workaround that allows some (maybe even all) of them to be installed. More on that later.