On extensive testing, it is found that wlan0 System Tray Icon appears to be working only cosmetically. The Debian 9.11.0 OS and applications like Firefox, Chromium, etc., aren't able to use the internet only through wlan0. This was tested by removing the eth0 cable, repeatedly. The WiFi Icon of the Network Manager shows network. But the system isn't able to use this network.
However, there is no problem with wlan0 card of the laptop. Knoppix and the native Doze are able to use the network through wlan0.
The Network Manager settings in the WiFi for Debian has been set up identically (as far as similarity in the Settings Boxes in the multiple tabs permit) as that for the same in Knoppix. The settings in the Preference / Proxy Option in Firefox are identical.
The same Firefox that can't access the internet through wlan0 in Debian can access the same via wlan0 in Knoppix(also in Doze).
Also, wlan0 in Debian has for some reason has been renamed as wlp4s0.
For Knoppix 8.6.1 on the same laptop:
Strangely enough, with Knoppix 8.6.1, the Wireless network works just fine without wl. How come?! I shall share some of the outputs.
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lspci -v | grep -e "Broadcom"
04:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
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lspci -nn
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
03:00.0 Display controller [0380]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Sun XT [Radeon HD 8670A/8670M/8690M / R5 M330 / M430] [1002:6660] (rev 83)
04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
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dmesg | grep -e "BCM43142"
[ 2.598688] usb 1-4: Product: BCM43142A0
[ 20.346656] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM43142A0 (001.001.011) build 0329
[ 20.859320] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd failed with error -2
[ 20.859328] bluetooth hci0: Falling back to sysfs fallback for: brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd
[ 20.860402] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Patch brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd not found
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modprobe wl
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dmesg | grep -e "firmware"
[ 12.745441] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[ 20.859320] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd failed with error -2
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dmesg | grep -e "Broadcom"
[ 2.598692] usb 1-4: Manufacturer: Broadcom Corp
[ 12.845063] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
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dmesg | grep -e "firmware"
[ 12.745441] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[ 20.859320] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM43142A0-0a5c-216d.hcd failed with error -2
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dmesg | grep -e "IPv6"
[ 23.644056] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 27.040287] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
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dmesg | grep -e "wlan0"
[ 12.845063] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
[ 27.040287] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
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dmesg | grep -e "Wireless"
[ 12.845063] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
[ 18.683466] input: HP Wireless hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input15
For the Same laptop on Debian 9.11.0, the above codes yield:
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modprobe wl
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dmesg | grep -e "firmware"
[ 8.978624] [drm:radeon_pci_probe [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon kernel modesetting for R600 or later requires firmware-amd-graphics.
[ 9.263140] bluetooth hci0: firmware: failed to load brcm/BCM.hcd (-2)
[ 9.263150] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM.hcd failed with error -2
[ 16.295116] r8169 0000:02:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8106e-1.fw
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lspci -v | grep -e "Broadcom"
04:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
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lspci -nn | grep -e "controller"
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0a16] (rev 0b)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:0a03] (rev 0b)
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 8 Series USB xHCI HC [8086:9c31] (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 8 Series HECI #0 [8086:9c3a] (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation 8 Series SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] [8086:9c03] (rev 04)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation 8 Series Thermal [8086:9c24] (rev 04)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8136] (rev 07)
03:00.0 Display controller [0380]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Sun XT [Radeon HD 8670A/8670M/8690M / R5 M330 / M430] [1002:6660] (rev 83)
04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
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dmesg | grep -e "BCM43142"
[ 2.025826] usb 1-4: Product: BCM43142A0
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dmesg | grep -e "Bluetooth: hci0:"
[ 9.219109] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: chip id 70
[ 9.235104] Bluetooth: hci0: BlueZ 5.50
[ 9.235109] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM (001.001.011) build 0329
[ 9.263154] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Patch brcm/BCM.hcd not found
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dmesg | grep -e "firmware"
[ 8.978624] [drm:radeon_pci_probe [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon kernel modesetting for R600 or later requires firmware-amd-graphics.
[ 9.263140] bluetooth hci0: firmware: failed to load brcm/BCM.hcd (-2)
[ 9.263150] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM.hcd failed with error -2
[ 16.295116] r8169 0000:02:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8106e-1.fw
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dmesg | grep -e "Broadcom"
[ 2.025827] usb 1-4: Manufacturer: Broadcom Corp
[ 11.176841] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
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dmesg | grep -e "firmware"
[ 8.978624] [drm:radeon_pci_probe [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon kernel modesetting for R600 or later requires firmware-amd-graphics.
[ 9.263140] bluetooth hci0: firmware: failed to load brcm/BCM.hcd (-2)
[ 9.263150] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM.hcd failed with error -2
[ 16.295116] r8169 0000:02:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8106e-1.fw
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dmesg | grep -e "IPv6"
[ 1.206735] mip6: Mobile IPv6
[ 16.504815] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp2s0: link is not ready
[ 17.711012] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp2s0: link is not ready
[ 17.727056] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 17.751105] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 17.784134] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 32.750940] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 33.028574] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 140.755757] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 140.766192] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 141.850482] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 153.785536] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp2s0: link becomes ready
[ 650.296433] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp2s0: link is not ready
[ 1215.545347] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1215.562643] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1216.646325] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1243.512646] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1245.630591] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1278.019580] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1278.931477] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1279.182231] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1311.015278] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1311.913758] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1312.150610] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1331.401312] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1332.517267] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1336.308379] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1341.308458] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1341.551111] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1373.047062] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1373.939266] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1374.188189] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1406.911134] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1407.137119] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1439.015553] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1439.904725] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1440.122932] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 1449.792874] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1459.165057] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp4s0: link is not ready
[ 1460.289439] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp4s0: link becomes ready
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dmesg | grep -e "wlan0"
[ 11.176841] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)
[ 12.244261] wl 0000:04:00.0 wlp4s0: renamed from wlan0
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dmesg | grep -e "Wireless"
[ 8.064610] input: HP Wireless hotkeys as /devices/virtual/input/input7
[ 11.176841] wlan0: Broadcom BCM4365 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.271 (r587334)